A 19th century lasted from either 1801 to 1900 in the Gregorian calendar (using the Common Era system of year numbering). Most common usage well-nigh invariably regards it when lasting from either 1800 to 1899, but this is considered by a select few to become technically wrong due to the nonentity of a "Year Zero" before AD 1. A 19th century is as well every now and again referred to as a 18 100s (1800s), referring to the latter usage. Decades come most universally considered when starting using a "0" season & known as accordingly ("1890s", etc.), then a foremost decade of a century technically overlaps back into the past of these.

Historiographer old have "Nineteenth Century" as a label for the era stretching from either 1815 (The Congress of Vienna) to 1914 (The irruption of the First World War).

Events
1801: The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge to form the United Kingdom. 1801-15: Barbary Wars between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa 1803: The United States buys out France's territorial claims in North America via the Louisiana Purchase. 1804-06: Americans Meriwether Lewis and William Clark lead an expedition to the Pacific Coast and back. 1805-48: Muhammad Ali modernizes Egypt. 1806: Holy Roman Empire dissolved. 1810-21: Mexican War of Independence 1810s-20s: South American Wars of Independence 1812-15: War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain 1815: Congress of Vienna redraws the European map. 1815: Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo brings a conclusion to the Napoleonic Wars. 1816: Year Without a Summer 1816-28: Shaka's Zulu kingdom becomes the largest within Southern Africa. 1819: The modern city of Singapore is established by the British East India Company. 1820: Liberia founded by the American Colonization Society for freed Our contries slaves. 1821-32: Greek War of Independence 1830: France invades and occupies Algeria. 1830: Belgian Revolution 1833: Slavery Abolition Act bans slavery throughout the British Empire. 1833-76: Carlist Wars in Spain. 1834: Spanish Inquisition officially ends. 1835-36: Texas Revolution in Mexico 1837-1901: Queen Victoria's reign is considered the apex of the British Empire and is referred to as a Victorian era. 1839-60: After 2 Opium Wars, Great Britain, France, the United States and Russia gain many concessions from either China. 1845-49: Irish Potato Famine 1846-48: The Mexican-American War leads to Mexico's cession of tremendously of the modern-contemporary Southwestern United States. 1848: The Communist Manifesto published. 1848: Revolutions of 1848 in Europe 1848-58: California Gold Rush 1851-60s: Victorian gold rush in Australia 1851-64: The Taiping Rebellion in China 1854: The Convention of Kanagawa formally ends Japan's policy of Sakoku. 1854-56: Crimean War between Great Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire and Russia 1855: Bessemer process enables steel to be made. 1856: World's number one oil refinery in Romania 1857-58: Indian rebellion of 1857 1859: The Origin of Species published. 1861-65: American Civil War between the Union and seceding Confederacy 1864-67: French intervention in Mexico 1865-77: Reconstruction in the United States 1866: Successful transatlantic telegraph cable follows an earlier attempt inside 1858. 1866: Austro-Prussian War results in the dissolution of the German Confederation and the creation of the North German Confederation. 1866-69: Meiji Restoration in Japan 1867: The United States purchased Alaska from Russia. 1867: Canadian Confederation formed. 1869: First Transcontinental Railroad completed in United States. 1869: The Suez Canal opens linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. 1870-71: Franco-Prussian War results in the unifications of Germany and Italy. 1872: Yellowstone National Park created. 1874: The British East India Company is dissolved. 1877: Great Railroad Strike in the United States may keep close at hand been the world's foremost countrywide labor strike. 1877-78: The Balkans are freed from either a Ottoman Empire after another Russo-Turkish War. 1878: First commercial telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. 1879: Anglo-Zulu War in South Africa. 1879-84: War of the Pacific between Peru, Bolivia and Chile. 1880-1902: Great Britain conquers Dutch settlers within South Africa in both Boer Wars. 1882: First electrical power plant and grid in Manhattan. 1884-85: The Berlin Conference signals the run of the European Scramble for Africa. Attending nations too agree to ban trade slaves. 1890: The Wounded Knee Massacre is the last battle in the Western Indian Wars. 1894-95: After a First Sino-Japanese War, China cedes Taiwan to Japan and grants Japan a blank check inside Korea. 1895-1896: Ethiopia defeated Italy in the First Italo-Abyssinian War. 1896: Olympic games revived in Athens. 1896: Klondike Gold Rush in Canada 1898: The United States gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a Philippines after the Spanish-American War. 1898-1900: The Boxer Rebellion in China is suppressed by an Eight-Nation Alliance. 1899-1913: The Philippine-American War

Significant people

Báb, Persian prophet and founder of Bábísm Bahá'u'lláh, Persian religious leader and founder of Bahá'í Faith Charles Baudelaire, poet Henri Becquerel, physicist Ludwig van Beethoven, composer Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor Napoleon Bonaparte, French general, first consul & emperor Johannes Brahms, composer Frédéric Chopin, composer Kate Chopin, author Samuel Taylor Coleridge, poet, critic, thinker Charles Darwin, biologist Charles Dickens, author Emily Dickinson, poet Benjamin Disraeli, novelist and politician Fyodor Dostoevsky, novelist, philosopher/theologian Antonin Dvorak, composer Thomas Alva Edison, inventor Ralph Waldo Emerson, writer Michael Faraday, scientist Gottlob Frege, mathematician, logician & philosopher Antonio de La Gandara, artist Guiseppe Garibaldi, unifier of Italy and Piedmontese soldier Carl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician, physicist, astronomer Gilbert and Sullivan, playwright, composer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, author, thinker Vincent van Gogh, painter William Gilbert Grace, English cricketer Ulysses S. Grant, U.S. general and president Nathaniel Hawthorne, writer Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, philosopher Hong Xiuquan, revolutionary, self-proclaimed Son of God Victor Hugo, poet, politician/theologian, and author Andrew Jackson, U.S. general and president Thomas Jefferson, American statesman, philosopher, and president Søren Kierkegaard, philosopher Libertadores, Latin American liberators Robert E. Lee, Confederate general Abraham Lincoln, U.S. president; led the nation during the Civil War Fitz Hugh Ludlow, writer and explorer Karl Marx, political philosopher and economist James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist Gregor Mendel, biologist Florence Nightingale, nursing pioneer John Stuart Mill, philosopher William Morris, social reformer Mutsuhito, Japanese emperor Friedrich Nietzsche, philosopher Nikolai of Japan, religious leader who introduced Eastern Orthodoxy into Japan. Louis Pasteur, biologist Edgar Allan Poe, poet, short-story writer Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Hindu mystic Arthur Schopenhauer, philosopher Joseph Smith, Jr., religious leader, founder of Mormonism Dr. John Snow, the founder of epidemiology F R Spofforth, Australian cricketer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, composer Nikola Tesla, inventor Leo Tolstoy, novelist, philosopher/theologian, social reformer Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens), author Giuseppe Verdi, composer Jules Verne, writer Queen Victoria, British monarch Richard Wagner, composer Walt Whitman, poet Oscar Wilde, poet, writer, playwright Brigham Young, Mormon religious leader

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

List of 19th century inventions

Electromagnetism Epidemiology Philology Department stores Mail order businesses Postage stamps Public busses Subways

Decades and years

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